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5:1 Et factum est, ut audierunt gentes in circuitu quia aedificatum est altare et sanctuarium sicut prius, iratae sunt valde :
*H Now it came to pass, when the nations round about heard that the altar and the sanctuary were built up, as before, that they were exceeding angry.
Ver. 1. Nations. They were always ready to oppress the Jews. Thus God punished or tried his people. C. — Judas, or his brethren, here gains eight victories over them. W.
Καὶ ἐγένετο ὅτε ἤκουσαν τὰ ἔθνη κυκλόθεν ὅτι ᾠκοδομήθη τὸ θυσιαστήριον, καὶ ἐνεκαινίσθη τὸ ἁγίασμα ὡς τοπρότερον, καὶ ὠργίσθησαν σφόδρα.
5:2 et cogitabant tollere genus Jacob, qui erant inter eos, et coeperunt occidere de populo, et persequi.
And they thought to destroy the generation of Jacob that were among them, and they began to kill some of the people, and to persecute them.
Καὶ ἐβουλεύσαντο τοῦ ἆραι τὸ γένος Ἰακὼβ τοὺς ὄντας ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν, καὶ ἤρξαντο τοῦ θανατοῦν ἐν τῷ λαῷ καὶ ἐξαίρειν.
5:3 Et debellabat Judas filios Esau in Idumaea, et eos qui erant in Acrabathane, quia circumsedebant Israelitas : et percussit eos plaga magna.
*H Then Judas fought against the children of Esau in Idumea, and them that were in Acrabathane: because they beset the Israelites round about, and he made a great slaughter of them.
Ver. 3. Idumea. MS. Alex. has, "Judea." Both may be right. The country had been wrested from Juda by the Idumeans. — Acrabathane is "the ascent of scorpions," (hakrabim) which were probably numerous, to the south of the Dead Sea. Num. xxxiv. 4. Deut. viii. 15.
Καὶ ἐπολέμει Ἰούδας πρὸς τοὺς υἱοὺς Ἡσαῦ ἐν τῇ Ἰδουμαίᾳ τὴν Ἀκραβαττίνην, ὅτι περιεκάθηντο τὸν Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ ἐπάταξεν αὐτοὺς πληγὴν μεγάλην, καὶ συνέστειλεν αὐτοὺς, καὶ ἔλαβε τὰ σκῦλα αὐτῶν.
5:4 Et recordatus est malitiam filiorum Bean, qui erant populo in laqueum et in scandalum, insidiantes ei in via.
*H And he remembered the malice of the children of Bean: who were a snare and a stumblingblock to the people, by lying in wait for them in the way.
Ver. 4. Bean; perhaps Beon, near the sea of Sodom, (C.) or Bathaner, beyond the Jordan. Serar.
Καὶ ἐμνήσθη τῆς κακίας υἱῶν Βαιὰν, οἳ ἦσαν τῷ λαῷ εἰς παγίδα καὶ εἰς σκάνδαλον ἐν τῷ ἐνεδρεύειν αὐτοὺς ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς.
5:5 Et conclusi sunt ab eo in turribus, et applicuit ad eos, et anathematizavit eos, et incendit turres eorum igni cum omnibus qui in eis erant.
*H And they were shut up by him in towers, and he set upon them, and devoted them to utter destruction, and burnt their towers with fire, and all that were in them.
Ver. 5. Destruction. Sometimes the people were spared. All depended on the wording of the vow. Lev. xxvii. 28. Num. xxi. 1. See other particulars, 2 B. x. 16. to 23. C.
Καὶ συνεκλείσθησαν ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ ἐν τοῖς πύργοις, καὶ παρενέβαλεν ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς, καὶ ἀνεθεμάτισεν αὐτοὺς, καὶ ἐνεπύρισε τοὺς πύργους αὐτῆς ἐν πυρὶ σὺν πᾶσι τοῖς ἐνοῦσι.
5:6 Et transivit ad filios Ammon, et invenit manum fortem, et populum copiosum, et Timotheum ducem ipsorum :
Then he passed over to the children of Ammon, where he found a mighty power, and much people, and Timotheus was their captain:
Καὶ διεπέρασεν ἐπὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς Ἀμμὼν, καὶ εὗρε χεῖρα κραταιὰν καὶ λαὸν πολὺν, καὶ Τιμόθεον ἡγούμενον αὐτῶν.
5:7 et commisit cum eis praelia multa, et contriti sunt in conspectu eorum, et percussit eos :
And he fought many battles with them, and they were discomfited in their sight, and he smote them:
καὶ συνῆψε πρὸς αὐτοὺς πολέμους πολλοὺς, καὶ συνετρίβησαν πρὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐπάταξεν αὐτούς.
5:8 et cepit Gazer civitatem et filias ejus, et reversus est in Judaeam.
* Footnotes
*H And he took the city of Gazer and her towns, and returned into Judea.
Ver. 8. Gazer, in Ephraim. But Jazer, in the tribe of Gad, seems to be meant, as the Greek expresses it. M. — Towns. Lit. "daughters," or dependant (H.) villages. W. — Afterwards Judas returned and defeated Timotheus. 2 B. x. 24.
Καὶ προκατελάβετο τὴν Ἰαζὴρ καὶ τὰς θυγατέρας αὐτῆς, καὶ ἀνέστρεψεν εἰς τὴν Ἰούδαίαν.
5:9 Et congregatae sunt gentes quae sunt in Galaad adversus Israelitas, qui erant in finibus eorum, ut tollerent eos : et fugerunt in Datheman munitionem.
*H And the Gentiles that were in Galaad, assembled themselves together against the Israelites that were in their quarters, to destroy them: and they fled into the fortress of Datheman.
Ver. 9. Galaad. Most of the towns had been seized by the Ammonites, &c. After the return of the captives, they were probably driven out. They attempted to regain possession, when Epiphanes declared against the Jews. — Datheman; Petra, (C.) or perhaps Rathma. Num. xxxiii. 18. Drus.
Καὶ ἐπισυνήχθησαν τὰ ἔθνη τὰ ἐν τῇ Γαλαὰδ ἐπὶ τὸν Ἰσραὴλ τοὺς ὄντας ἐπὶ τοῖς ὁρίοις αὐτῶν τοῦ ἐξᾶραι αὐτούς· καὶ ἔφυγον εἰς Δάθεμα τὸ ὀχύρωμα.
5:10 Et miserunt litteras ad Judam et fratres ejus, dicentes : Congregatae sunt adversum nos gentes per circuitum, ut nos auferant,
And they sent letters to Judas, and his brethren, saying: The heathens that are round about are gathered together against us to destroy us:
Καὶ ἀπέστειλαν γράμματα πρὸς Ἰούδαν καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ, λέγοντες, ἐπισυνηγμένα ἐστὶν ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς τὰ ἔθνη τὰ κύκλῳ ἡμῶν τοῦ ἐξᾶραι ἡμᾶς.
5:11 et parant venire, et occupare munitionem, in quam confugimus : et Timotheus est dux exercitus eorum.
*H And they are preparing to come, and to take the fortress into which we are fled: and Timotheus is the captain of their host.
Ver. 11. Timotheus. Another of this name had been slain the preceding year, 3840, at Gazara. 2 B. x. 37.
Καὶ ἑτοιμάζονται ἐλθεῖν καὶ προκαταλαβέσθαι τὸ ὀχύρωμα εἰς ὃ κατεφύγομεν, καὶ Τιμόθεος ἡγεῖται τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτῶν.
5:12 Nunc ergo veni, et eripe nos de manibus eorum, quia cecidit multitudo de nobis.
Now therefore come, and deliver us out of their hands, for many of us are slain.
Νῦν οὖν ἐλθὼν ἐξελοῦ ἡμᾶς ἐκ χειρὸς αὐτῶν, ὅτι πέπτωκεν ἐξ ἡμῶν πλῆθος.
5:13 Et omnes fratres nostri, qui erant in locis Tubin, interfecti sunt : et captivas duxerunt uxores eorum, et natos, et spolia, et peremerunt illic fere mille viros.
*H And all our brethren that were in the places of Tubin, are killed: and they have carried away their wives, and their children, captives, and taken their spoils, and they have slain there almost a thousand men.
Ver. 13. Tubin, or Tob, to the south of Gad. Judg. xi. 3. C.
Καὶ πάντες οἱ ἀδελφοὶ ἡμῶν οἱ ὄντες ἐν τοῖς Τωβίου τεθανάτωνται, καὶ ᾐχμαλωτίκασι τὰς γυναῖκας αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ τέκνα αὐτῶν καὶ τὴν ἀποσκευὴν, καὶ ἀπώλεσαν ἐκεῖ ὡς μίαν χιλιαρχίαν ἀνδρῶν.
5:14 Et adhuc epistolae legebantur, et ecce alii nuntii venerunt de Galilaea conscissis tunicis, nuntiantes secundum verba haec :
And while they were yet reading these letters, behold there came other messengers out of Galilee with their garments rent, who related according to these words:
Ἔτι αἱ ἐπιστολαὶ ἀνεγινώσκοντο, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἄγγελοι ἕτεροι παρεγένοντο ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας διεῤῥηχότες τὰ ἱμάτια, ἀπαγγέλλοντες κατὰ τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα,
5:15 dicentes convenisse adversum se a Ptolemaida, et Tyro, et Sidone : et repleta est omnis Galilaea alienigenis, ut nos consumant.
*H Saying, that they of Ptolemais, and of Tyre, and of Sidon, were assembled against them, and all Galilee is filled with strangers, in order to consume us.
Ver. 15. Is filled. Gr. Alex. "All Galilee of the Gentiles to destroy us." H. — This part of Galilee was occupied by pagans, who were excited by Epiphanes to fall upon the Jews. 2 B. vi. 8.
λέγοντες ἐπισυνῆχθαι ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς ἐκ Πτολεμαΐδος καὶ Τύρου καὶ Σιδῶνος καὶ πάσης Γαλιλαίας ἀλλοφύλων, τοῦ ἐξαναλῶσαι ἡμᾶς.
5:16 Ut audivit autem Judas et populus sermones istos, convenit ecclesia magna cogitare quid facerent fratribus suis, qui in tribulatione erant, et expugnabantur ab eis.
Now when Judas and the people heard these words, a great assembly met together to consider what they should do for their brethren that were in trouble, and were assaulted by them.
Ὡς δὲ ἤκουσεν Ἰούδας καὶ ὁ λαὸς τοὺς λόγους τούτους, ἐπισυνήχθη ἐκκλησία μεγάλη, βουλεύσασθαι τί ποιήσωσι τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς αὐτῶν τοῖς οὖσιν ἐν θλίψει, καὶ πολεμουμένοις ὑπʼ αὐτῶν.
5:17 Dixitque Judas Simoni fratri suo : Elige tibi viros, et vade, et libera fratres tuos in Galilaea : ego autem et frater meus Jonathas ibimus in Galaaditim.
And Judas said to Simon, his brother: Choose thee men, and go, and deliver thy brethren in Galilee: and I, and my brother Jonathan, will go into the country of Galaad:
Καὶ εἶπεν Ἰούδας Σίμωνι τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ, ἐπίλεξον σεαυτῷ ἄνδρας, καὶ πορεύου καὶ ῥῦσαι τοὺς ἀδελφούς σου τοὺς ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ· ἐγὼ δὲ καὶ Ἰωνάθαν ὁ ἀδελφός μου πορευσόμεθα εἰς τὴν Γαλααδίτιν.
5:18 Et reliquit Josephum filium Zachariae, et Azariam, duces populi, cum residuo exercitu in Judaea ad custodiam :
And he left Joseph, the son of Zacharias, and Azarias, captains of the people, with the remnant of the army in Judea, to keep it:
Καὶ κατέλιπεν Ἰώσηφον τὸν τοῦ Ζαχαρίου, καὶ Ἀζαρίαν, ἡγουμένους τοῦ λαοῦ, μετὰ τῶν ἐπιλοίπων τῆς δυνάμεως, ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ εἰς τήρησιν.
5:19 et praecepit illis, dicens : Praeestote populo huic : et nolite bellum committere adversum gentes, donec revertamur.
And he commanded them, saying: Take ye the charge of this people; but make no war against the heathens, till we return.
Καὶ ἐνετείλατο αὐτοῖς, λέγων, πρόστητε τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου, καὶ μὴ συνάψητε πόλεμον πρὸς τὰ ἔθνη ἕως τοῦ ἐπιστρέψαι ἡμᾶς.
* Summa
*S Part 3,
Ques 99,
Article 3
[II-II, Q. 99, Art. 3]
Whether the Species of Sacrilege Are Distinguished According to the Sacred Things?
Objection 1: It would seem that the species of sacrilege are not distinguished according to the sacred things. Material diversity does not differentiate species, if the formal aspect remains the same. Now there would seem to be the same formal aspect of sin in all violations of sacred things, and that the only difference is one of matter. Therefore the species of sacrilege are not distinguished thereby.
Obj. 2: Further, it does not seem possible that things belonging to the same species should at the same time differ specifically. Now murder, theft, and unlawful intercourse, are different species of sin. Therefore they cannot belong to the one same species of sacrilege: and consequently it seems that the species of sacrilege are distinguished in accordance with the species of other sins, and not according to the various sacred things.
Obj. 3: Further, among sacred things sacred persons are reckoned. If, therefore, one species of sacrilege arises from the violation of a sacred person, it would follow that every sin committed by a sacred person is a sacrilege, since every sin violates the person of the sinner. Therefore the species of sacrilege are not reckoned according to the sacred things.
_On the contrary,_ Acts and habits are distinguished by their objects. Now the sacred thing is the object of sacrilege, as stated above (A. 1). Therefore the species of sacrilege are distinguished according to the sacred things.
_I answer that,_ As stated above (A. 1), the sin of sacrilege consists in the irreverent treatment of a sacred thing. Now reverence is due to a sacred thing by reason of its holiness: and consequently the species of sacrilege must needs be distinguished according to the different aspects of sanctity in the sacred things which are treated irreverently: for the greater the holiness ascribed to the sacred thing that is sinned against, the more grievous the sacrilege.
Now holiness is ascribed, not only to sacred persons, namely, those who are consecrated to the divine worship, but also to sacred places and to certain other sacred things. And the holiness of a place is directed to the holiness of man, who worships God in a holy place. For it is written (2 Macc. 5:19): "God did not choose the people for the place's sake, but the place for the people's sake." Hence sacrilege committed against a sacred person is a graver sin than that which is committed against a sacred place. Yet in either species there are various degrees of sacrilege, according to differences of sacred persons and places.
In like manner the third species of sacrilege, which is committed against other sacred things, has various degrees, according to the differences of sacred things. Among these the highest place belongs to the sacraments whereby man is sanctified: chief of which is the sacrament of the Eucharist, for it contains Christ Himself. Wherefore the sacrilege that is committed against this sacrament is the gravest of all. The second place, after the sacraments, belongs to the vessels consecrated for the administration of the sacraments; also sacred images, and the relics of the saints, wherein the very persons of the saints, so to speak, are reverenced and honored. After these come things connected with the apparel of the Church and its ministers; and those things, whether movable or immovable, that are deputed to the upkeep of the ministers. And whoever sins against any one of the aforesaid incurs the crime of sacrilege.
Reply Obj. 1: There is not the same aspect of holiness in all the aforesaid: wherefore the diversity of sacred things is not only a material, but also a formal difference.
Reply Obj. 2: Nothing hinders two things from belonging to one species in one respect, and to different species in another respect. Thus Socrates and Plato belong to the one species, "animal," but differ in the species "colored thing," if one be white and the other black. In like manner it is possible for two sins to differ specifically as to their material acts, and to belong to the same species as regards the one formal aspect of sacrilege: for instance, the violation of a nun by blows or by copulation.
Reply Obj. 3: Every sin committed by a sacred person is a sacrilege materially and accidentally as it were. Hence Jerome [*The quotation is from St. Bernard, De Consideration. ii, 13] says that "a trifle on a priest's lips is a sacrilege or a blasphemy." But formally and properly speaking a sin committed by a sacred person is a sacrilege only when it is committed against his holiness, for instance if a virgin consecrated to God be guilty of fornication: and the same is to be said of other instances. _______________________
FOURTH
5:20 Et partiti sunt Simoni viri tria millia, ut iret in Galilaeam : Judae autem octo millia in Galaaditim.
Now three thousand men were allotted to Simon, to go into Galilee: and eight thousand to Judas, to go into the land of Galaad.
Καὶ ἐμερίσθησαν Σίμωνι ἄνδρες τρισχίλιοι τοῦ πορευθῆναι εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν, Ἰούδᾳ δὲ ἄνδρες ὀκτακισχίλιοι εἰς τὴν Γαλααδίτιν.
5:21 Et abiit Simon in Galilaeam, et commisit praelia multa cum gentibus : et contritae sunt gentes a facie ejus, et persecutus est eos usque ad portam
And Simon went into Galilee, and fought many battles with the heathens: and the heathens were discomfited before his face, and he pursued them even to the gate of Ptolemais.
Καὶ ἐπορεύθη Σίμων εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν, καὶ συνῆψε πολέμους πολλοὺς πρὸς τὰ ἔθνη, καὶ συνετρίβη τὰ ἔθνη ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ,
5:22 Ptolemaidis : et ceciderunt de gentibus fere tria millia virorum. Et accepit spolia eorum,
And there fell of the heathens almost three thousand men, and he took the spoils of them.
καὶ ἐδίωξεν αὐτοὺς ἕως τῆς πύλης Πτολεμαΐδος· καὶ ἔπεσον ἐκ τῶν ἐθνῶν εἰς τρισχιλίους ἄνδρας, καὶ ἔλαβε τὰ σκῦλα αὐτῶν.
5:23 et assumpsit eos qui erant in Galilaea et in Arbatis, cum uxoribus, et natis, et omnibus quae erant illis, et adduxit in Judaeam cum laetitia magna.
*H And he took with him those that were in Galilee and in Arbatis, with their wives, and children, and all that they had, and he brought them into Judea with great joy.
Ver. 23. Arbatis. Arboth means "deserts" uncultivated, here probably denoting the valley of Jezrahel. Simon wisely concentrated the people, as Judas did in Galaad. v. 45.
Καὶ παρέλαβε τοὺς ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ καὶ ἐν Ἀρβάττοις σὺν ταῖς γυναιξὶ καὶ τοῖς τέκνοις, καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἦν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἤγαγεν εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν μετʼ εὐφροσύνης μεγάλης.
5:24 Et Judas Machabaeus, et Jonathas frater ejus, transierunt Jordanem, et abierunt viam trium dierum per desertum.
* Footnotes
*H And Judas Machabeus, and Jonathan, his brother, passed over the Jordan, and went three days' journey through the desert.
Ver. 24. Desert; probably from Bethsan to Bosor, marching with all secrecy.
Καὶ Ἰούδας ὁ Μακκαβαῖος καὶ Ἰωνάθαν ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ διέβησαν τὸν Ἰορδάνην, καὶ ἐπορεύθησαν ὁδὸν τριῶν ἡμερῶν ἐν τῷ ἐρήμῳ.
5:25 Et occurrerunt eis Nabuthaei, et susceperunt eos pacifice, et narraverunt eis omnia quae acciderant fratribus eorum in Galaaditide,
*H And the Nabutheans met them, and received them in a peaceable manner, and told them all that happened to their brethren in the land of Galaad,
Ver. 25. Nabutheans; descendants of Ismael's eldest son, whose capital was Petra. They continued friends to the Jews.
Καὶ συνήντησαν τοῖς Ναβαταίοις, καὶ ἀπήντησαν αὐτοῖς εἰρηνικῶς, καὶ διηγήσαντο αὐτοῖς ἅπαντα τὰ συμβάντα τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς αὐτῶν ἐν τῇ Γαλααδίτιδι.
5:26 et quia multi ex eis comprehensi sunt in Barasa, et Bosor, et in Alimis, et in Casphor, et Mageth, et Carnaim : hae omnes civitates munitae et magnae.
*H And that many of them were shut up in Barasa, and in Bosor, and in Alima, and in Casphor, and in Mageth, and in Carnaim; all these strong and great cities.
Ver. 26. Barasa; probably the Bozra of Moab. Gr. "Bosorra." Jos. — Bosor means a fortress. It is not wonderful that there should be many places of this name in Arabia, to defend the people from robbers. — Alima; Elim, or Almon. Is. xv. 8. — Casphor, or rather Casbon, (v. 36.) the famous Hesebon. Num. xxi. 26. C. — Mageth, or Machati; (Grot.) though it seems too far off. Deut. iii. 14. — Carnaim, "horns," being sacred to the moon, (C.) called Astaroth. Gen. xiv. 5. H. — Strabo styles it Carna.
Καὶ ὅτι πολλοὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν συνειλημμένοι εἰσὶν εἰς Βόσσορα, καὶ Βοσὸρ, ἐν Ἀλέμοις, Χασφὼρ, Μακὲδ, καὶ Καρναΐν· πᾶσαι αἱ πόλεις αὗται ὀχυραὶ καὶ μεγάλαι·
5:27 Sed et in ceteris civitatibus Galaaditidis tenentur comprehensi, et in crastinum constituerunt admovere exercitum civitatibus his, et comprehendere, et tollere eos in una die.
Yea, and that they were kept shut up in the rest of the cities of Galaad, and that they had appointed to bring their army on the morrow near to these cities, and to take them, and to destroy them all in one day.
καὶ ἐν ταῖς λοιπαῖς πόλεσι τῆς Γαλααδίτιδός εἰσι συνειλημμένοι, καὶ εἰς αὔριον τάσσονται παρεμβάλλειν ἐπὶ τὰ ὀχυρώματα, καὶ καταλαβέσθαι, καὶ ἐξᾶραι πάντας τούτους ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ.
5:28 Et convertit Judas et exercitus ejus viam in desertum Bosor repente, et occupavit civitatem : et occidit omnem masculum in ore gladii, et accepit omnia spolia eorum, et succendit eam igni.
Then Judas and his army suddenly turned their march into the desert, to Bosor, and took the city: and he slew every male by the edge of the sword, and took all their spoils, and burnt it with fire.
Καὶ ἀπέστρεψεν Ἰούδας καὶ ἡ παρεμβολὴ αὐτοῦ ὁδὸν εἰς τὴν ἔρημον εἰς Βοσὸρ, ἄφνω· καὶ κατελάβετο τὴν πόλιν, καὶ ἀπέκτεινε πᾶν ἀρσενικὸν ἐν στόματι ῥομφαίας, καὶ ἔλαβε πάντα τὰ σκῦλα αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐνέπρησεν αὐτὴν πυρί.
5:29 Et surrexerunt inde nocte, et ibant usque ad munitionem.
*H And they removed from thence by night, and went till they came to the fortress.
Ver. 29. Fortress of Datheman. v. 9.
Καὶ ἀπῇρεν ἐκεῖθεν νυκτὸς, καὶ ἐπορεύετο ἕως ἐπὶ τὸ ὀχύρωμα.
5:30 Et factum est diluculo, cum elevassent oculos suos, ecce populus multus, cujus non erat numerus, portantes scalas et machinas ut comprehenderent munitionem, et expugnarent eos.
And it came to pass that early in the morning, when they lifted up their eyes, behold there were people without number, carrying ladders and engines to take the fortress, and assault them.
Καὶ ἐγένετο ἑωθινὴ, καὶ ᾖραν τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν, καὶ ἰδοὺ λαὸς πολὺς οὗ οὐκ ἦν ἀριθμὸς, αἴροντες κλίμακας καὶ μηχανὰς καταλαβέσθαι τὸ ὀχύρωμα, καὶ ἐπολέμουν αὐτούς.
5:31 Et vidit Judas quia coepit bellum, et clamor belli ascendit ad caelum sicut tuba, et clamor magnus de civitate :
And Judas saw that the fight was begun, and the cry of the battle went up to heaven like a trumpet, and a great cry out of the city:
Καὶ εἶδεν Ἰούδας ὅτι ἦρκται ὁ πόλεμος, καὶ ἡ κραυγὴ τῆς πόλεως ἀνέβη εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν σάλπιγξι καὶ φωνῇ μεγάλῃ.
5:32 et dixit exercitui suo : Pugnate hodie pro fratribus vestris.
And he said to his host: Fight ye today for your brethren.
Καὶ εἶπε τοῖς ἀνδράσι τῆς δυνάμεως, πολεμήσατε σήμερον ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ὑμῶν.
5:33 Et venit tribus ordinibus post eos, et exclamaverunt tubis, et clamaverunt in oratione.
And he came with three companies behind them, and they sounded their trumpets, and cried out in prayer.
Καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἐν τρισὶν ἀρχαῖς ἐξ ὄπισθεν αὐτῶν· καὶ ἐσάλπισαν ταῖς σάλπιγξι, καὶ ἐβόησαν ἐν προσευχῇ.
5:34 Et cognoverunt castra Timothei quia Machabaeus est, et refugerunt a facie ejus : et percusserunt eos plaga magna. Et ceciderunt ex eis in die illa fere octo millia virorum.
And the host of Timotheus understood that it was Machabeus, and they fled away before his face and they made a great slaughter of them, and there fell of them in that day almost eight thousand men.
Καὶ ἐπέγνω ἡ παρεμβολὴ Τιμοθέου ὅτι Μακκαβαῖός ἐστι, καὶ ἔφυγον ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐπάταξεν αὐτοὺς πληγὴν μεγάλην, καὶ ἔπεσον ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ εἰς ὀκτακισχιλίους ἄνδρας.
5:35 Et divertit Judas in Maspha, et expugnavit, et cepit eam : et occidit omnem masculum ejus, et sumpsit spolia ejus, et succendit eam igni.
And Judas turned aside to Maspha, and assaulted, and took it, and he slew every male thereof, and took the spoils thereof, and burnt it with fire.
Καὶ ἀπέκλινεν εἰς Μασφὰ, καὶ ἐπολέμησεν αὐτὴν, καὶ προκατελάβετο αὐτὴν, καὶ ἀπέκτεινε πᾶν ἀρσενικὸν αὐτῆς, καὶ ἔλαβε τὰ σκῦλα αὐτῆς, καὶ ἐνέπρησεν αὐτὴν πυρί.
5:36 Inde perrexit, et cepit Casbon, et Mageth, et Bosor, et reliquas civitates Galaaditidis.
*H From thence he marched, and took Casbon, and Mageth, and Bosor, and the rest of the cities of Galaad.
Ver. 36. Bosor, or Bosra. v. 26. Bosor was taken before. v. 28.
Ἐκεῖθεν ἀπῇρε, καὶ προκατελάβετο τὴν Χασφὼν, Μακὲδ, Βοσὸρ, καὶ τὰς λοιπὰς πόλεις τῆς Γαλααδίτιδος.
5:37 Post haec autem verba congregavit Timotheus exercitum alium, et castra posuit contra Raphon trans torrentem.
*H But after this Timotheus gathered another army, and camped over against Raphon, beyond the torrent.
Ver. 37. After. Judas had in the mean time defeated Lysias. 2 B. xi. 1. &c. C. — Raphon, or Raphana; (Grot.) or as that was too remote, probably Saphon. Num. xxxii. 35. C.
Μετὰ δὲ τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα συνήγαγε Τιμόθεος παρεμβολὴν ἄλλην, καὶ παρενέβαλε κατὰ πρόσωπον Ῥαφὼν ἐκ πέραν τοῦ χειμάῤῥου.
5:38 Et misit Judas speculari exercitum : et renuntiaverunt ei, dicentes : Quia convenerunt ad eum omnes gentes quae in circuitu nostro sunt, exercitus multus nimis :
And Judas sent men to view the army: and they brought him word, saying: All the nations, that are round about us, are assembled unto him an army exceeding great:
Καὶ ἀπέστειλεν Ἰούδας κατασκοπεῦσαι τὴν παρεμβολήν, καὶ ἀπήγγειλαν αὐτῷ, λέγοντες, ἐπισυνηγμένα εἰσὶ πρὸς αὐτοὺς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη τὰ κύκλῳ ἡμῶν, δύναμις πολλὴ σφόδρα.
5:39 et Arabas conduxerunt in auxilium sibi, et castra posuerunt trans torrentem, parati ad te venire in praelium. Et abiit Judas obviam illis.
And they have hired the Arabians to help them, and they have pitched their tents beyond the torrent, ready to come to fight against thee. And Judas went to meet them.
Καὶ Ἄραβας μεμίσθωται εἰς βοήθειαν αὐτοῖς, καὶ παρενέβαλον πέραν τοῦ χειμάῤῥου ἕτοιμοι τοῦ ἐλθεῖν ἐπὶ σὲ εἰς πόλεμον· καὶ ἐπορεύθη Ἰούδας εἰς συνάντησιν αὐτῶν.
5:40 Et ait Timotheus principibus exercitus sui : Cum appropinquaverit Judas, et exercitus ejus, ad torrentem aquae : si transierit ad nos prior, non poterimus sustinere eum, quia potens poterit adversum nos ;
And Timotheus said to the captains of his army: When Judas and his army come near the torrent of water, if he pass over unto us first, we shall not be able to withstand him: for he will certainly prevail over us.
Καὶ εἶπε Τιμόθεος τοῖς ἄρχουσι τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ, ἐν τῷ ἐγγίζειν Ἰούδαν καὶ τὴν παρεμβολὴν αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν χειμάῤῥουν τοῦ ὕδατος, ἐὰν διαβῇ πρὸς ἡμᾶς πρότερος, οὐ δυνησόμεθα ὑποστῆναι αὐτὸν, ὅτι δυνάμενος δυνήσεται πρὸς ἡμᾶς.
5:41 si vero timuerit transire, et posuerit castra extra flumen, transfretamus ad eos, et poterimus adversus illum.
*H But if he be afraid to pass over, and camp on the other side of the river, we will pass over to them, and shall prevail against him.
Ver. 41. Afraid. He interpreted the delay in this sense, which was very precarious, (H.) as nothing could be more superstitious. Jonathan begged for a similar proof of God's favour. But Timotheus consulted only himself. 1 K. xiv. 9. C.
Ἐὰν δὲ δειλωθῇ, καὶ παρεμβάλῃ πέραν τοῦ ποταμοῦ, διαπεράσομεν πρὸς αὐτὸν, καὶ δυνησόμεθα πρὸς αὐτόν.
5:42 Ut autem appropinquavit Judas ad torrentem aquae, statuit scribas populi secus torrentem, et mandavit eis, dicens : Neminem hominem reliqueritis, sed veniant omnes in praelium.
*H Now when Judas came near the torrent of water, he set the scribes of the people by the torrent, and commanded them, saying: Suffer no man to stay behind: but let all come to the battle.
Ver. 42. Scribes; tribunes, who kept a register of the soldiers. M. — They were officers of great power.
Ὡς δὲ ἤγγισεν Ἰούδας ἐπὶ τὸν χειμάῤῥουν τοῦ ὕδατος, ἔστησε τοὺς γραμματεῖς τοῦ λαοῦ ἐπὶ τοῦ χειμάῤῥου, καὶ ἐνετείλατο αὐτοῖς, λέγων, μὴ ἀφῆτε πάντα ἄνθρωπον παρεμβαλεῖν, ἀλλʼ ἐρχέσθωσαν πάντες εἰς τὸν πόλεμον.
5:43 Et transfretavit ad illos prior, et omnis populus post eum, et contritae sunt omnes gentes a facie eorum, et projecerunt arma sua, et fugerunt ad fanum, quod erat in Carnaim.
And he passed over to them first, and all the people after him, and all the heathens were discomfited before them, and they threw away their weapons, and fled to the temple that was in Carnaim.
Καὶ διεπέρασεν ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς πρότερος, καὶ πᾶς ὁ λαὸς ὅπισθεν αὐτοῦ· καὶ συνετρίβησαν πρὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, καὶ ἔῤῥιψαν τὰ ὅπλα αὐτῶν, καὶ ἔφυγον εἰς τὸ τέμενος ἐν Καρναΐν.
5:44 Et occupavit ipsam civitatem, et fanum succendit igni cum omnibus qui erant in ipso : et oppressa est Carnaim, et non potuit sustinere contra faciem Judae.
*H And he took that city, and the temple he burnt with fire, with all things that were therein: and Carnaim was subdued, and could not stand against the face of Judas.
Ver. 44. Temple of Atergata, or Astarte. Judas slew 55,000. Timotheus was spared. 2 B. xii. 20. 26.
Καὶ προκατελάβοντο τὴν πόλιν, καὶ τὸ τέμενος ἐνεπύρισαν ἐν πυρὶ σὺν πᾶσι τοῖς ἐν αὐτῷ· καὶ ἐτροπώθη ἡ Καρναῒν, καὶ οὐκ ἐδύναντο ἔτι ὑποστῆναι κατὰ πρόσωπον Ἰούδα.
5:45 Et congregavit Judas universos Israelitas, qui erant in Galaaditide, a minimo usque ad maximum, et uxores eorum, et natos, et exercitum magnum valde, ut venirent in terram Juda.
And Judas gathered together all the Israelites that were in the land of Galaad, from the least even to the greatest, and their wives and children, and an army exceeding great, to come into the land of Juda.
Καὶ συνήγαγεν Ἰούδας πάντα Ἰσραὴλ τοὺς ἐν τῇ Γαλααδίτιδι ἀπὸ μικροῦ ἕως μεγάλου, καὶ τὰς γυναῖκας αὐτῶν, καὶ τὰ τέκνα αὐτῶν, καῖ τὴν ἀποσκευὴν, παρεμβολὴν μεγάλην σφόδρα, ἐλθεῖν εἰς γῆν Ἰούδα.
5:46 Et venerunt usque Ephron : et haec civitas magna in ingressu posita, munita valde, et non erat declinare ab ea dextera vel sinistra, sed per mediam iter erat.
*H And they came as far as Ephron: now this was a great city, situate in the way, strongly fortified, and there was no means to turn from it on the right hand or on the left, but the way was through the midst of it.
Ver. 46. Ephron, beyond the Jordan. The situation is unknown. With regard to the right which Judas had to treat it with such severity, see Num. xx. 18. Judg. viii. 5. C. — It probably belonged to God's people, and was unjustly detained. H.
Καὶ ἦλθον ἕως Ἐφρών· καὶ αὕτη ἡ πόλις μεγάλη ἐπὶ τῆς εἰσόδου ὀχυρὰ σφόδρα· οὐκ ἦν ἐκκλῖναι ἀπʼ αὐτῆς δεξιὰν ἢ ἀριστερὰν, ἀλλʼ ἢ διὰ μέσου αὐτῆς πορεύεσθαι.
5:47 Et incluserunt se qui erant in civitate, et obstruxerunt portas lapidibus : et misit ad eos Judas verbis pacificis,
And they that were in the city shut themselves in, and stopped up the gates with stones: and Judas sent to them with peaceable words,
Καὶ ἀπέκλεισαν αὐτοὺς οἱ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως, καὶ ἐνέφραξαν τὰς πύλας λίθοις.
5:48 dicens : Transeamus per terram vestram, ut eamus in terram nostram : et nemo vobis nocebit, tantum pedibus transibimus. Et nolebant eis aperire.
Saying: Let us pass through your land, to go into our own country, and no man shall hurt you; we will only pass through on foot. But they would not open to them.
Καὶ ἀπέστειλε πρὸς αὐτοὺς Ἰούδας λόγοις εἰρηνικοῖς, λέγων, διελευσόμεθα διὰ τῆς γῆς σου τοῦ ἀπελθεῖν εἰς τὴν γῆν ἡμῶν, καὶ οὐδεὶς κακοποιήσει ὑμᾶς, πλὴν τοῖς ποσὶ παρελευσόμεθα· καὶ οὐκ ἠβούλοντο ἀνοῖξαι αὐτῷ.
5:49 Et praecepit Judas praedicare in castris, ut applicarent unusquisque in quo erat loco :
Then Judas commanded proclamation to be made in the camp, that they should make an assault, every man in the place where he was.
Καὶ ἐπέταξεν Ἰούδας κηρύξαι ἐν τῇ παρεμβολῇ, τοῦ παρεμβαλεῖν ἕκαστον ἐν ᾧ ἐστι τόπῳ.
5:50 et applicuerunt se viri virtutis, et oppugnavit civitatem illam tota die et tota nocte, et tradita est civitas in manu ejus :
And the men of the army drew near, and he assaulted that city all the day, and all the night; and the city was delivered into his hands:
Καὶ παρενέβαλον οἱ ἄνδρες τῆς δυνάμεως, καὶ ἐπολέμησαν τὴν πόλιν ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην καὶ ὅλην τὴν νύκτα, καὶ παρεδόθη ἡ πόλις ἐν χερσὶν αὐτοῦ.
5:51 et peremerunt omnem masculum in ore gladii, et eradicavit eam, et accepit spolia ejus : et transivit per totam civitatem super interfectos.
And they slew every male with the edge of the sword, and he razed the city, and took the spoils thereof, and passed through all the city over them that were slain.
Καὶ ἀπώλεσε πᾶν ἀρσενικὸν ἐν στόματι ῥομφαίας, καὶ ἐξεῤῥίζωσεν αὐτὴν, καὶ ἔλαβε τὰ σκῦλα αὐτῆς, καὶ διῆλθε διὰ τῆς πόλεως ἐπάνω τῶν ἀπεκταμμένων.
5:52 Et transgressi sunt Jordanem in campo magno, contra faciem Bethsan.
*H Then they passed over the Jordan to the great plain that is over against Bethsan.
Ver. 52. Plain, extending beyond Jezrahel.
Καὶ διέβησαν τὸν Ἰορδάνην εἰς τὸ πεδίον τὸ μέγα κατὰ πρόσωπον Βαιθσάν.
5:53 Et erat Judas congregans extremos, et exhortabatur populum per totam viam, donec venirent in terram Juda :
*H And Judas gathered together the hindmost, and he exhorted the people, all the way through, till they came into the land of Juda.
Ver. 53. Hindmost: the place of danger. C. — A good general takes care of the weakest, and exhorts all to behave valiantly. W.
Καὶ ἦν Ἰούδας ἐπισυνάγων τοὺς ἐσχατίζοντας, καὶ παρακαλῶν τὸν λαὸν κατὰ πᾶσαν τὴν ὁδὸν, ἕως οὗ ἦλθον εἰς γῆν Ἰούδα.
5:54 et ascenderunt in montem Sion cum laetitia, et gaudio, et obtulerunt holocausta, quod nemo ex eis cecidisset donec reverterentur in pace.
*H And they went up to mount Sion with joy and gladness, and offered holocausts, because not one of them was slain, till they had returned in peace.
Ver. 54. Not one. The 12,000 who defeated the Madianites, were preserved by God in like manner. Num. xxxi. 49. H.
Καὶ ἀνέβησαν εἰς τὸ ὄρος Σιὼν ἐν εὐφροσύνῃ καὶ χαρᾷ· καὶ προσήγαγον ὁλοκαυτώματα, ὅτι οὐκ ἔπεσεν ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐθεὶς ἕως τοῦ ἐπιστρέψαι ἐν εἰρήνῃ.
5:55 Et in diebus quibus erat Judas et Jonathas in terra Galaad, et Simon frater ejus in Galilaea contra faciem Ptolemaidis,
* Footnotes
Now in the days that Judas and Jonathan were in the land of Galaad, and Simon his brother in Galilee, before Ptolemais,
Καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις αἷς ἦν Ἰούδας καὶ Ἰωνάθαν ἐν τῇ Γαλαὰδ, καὶ Σίμων ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ κατὰ πρόσωπον Πτολεμαΐδος,
5:56 audivit Josephus Zachariae filius, et Azarias princeps virtutis, res bene gestas, et praelia quae facta sunt,
*H Joseph, the son of Zacharias, and Azarias, captain of the soldiers, heard of the good success, and the battles that were fought,
Ver. 56. And Azarias. These two are known only for their disobedience and misconduct. In holy wars, God does not favour those who are actuated by base motives. v. 18. 60. C. — Men who depend on themselves, and who are not properly authorized, receive not assistance from above; so these failed, as they were not chosen like those who were to save Israel, (W.) of the family of the Machabees. M.
ἤκουσεν Ἰωσὴφ ὁ τοῦ Ζαχαρίου, καὶ Ἀζαρίας, ἄρχοντες τῆς δυνάμεως, τῶν ἀνδραγαθιῶν καὶ τοῦ πολέμου οἷα ἐποίησαν,
5:57 et dixit : Faciamus et ipsi nobis nomen, et eamus pugnare adversus gentes quae in circuitu nostro sunt.
And he said: Let us also get us a name, and let us go fight against the Gentiles that are round about us.
καὶ εἶπε, ποιήσωμεν καὶ αὐτοὶ ἑαυτοῖς ὄνομα, καὶ πορευθῶμεν πολεμῆσαι πρὸς τὰ ἔθνη τὰ κύκλῳ ἡμῶν.
5:58 Et praecepit his qui erant in exercitu suo, et abierunt Jamniam.
*H And he gave charge to them that were in his army, and they went towards Jamnia.
Ver. 58. Jamnia, a maritime city of the Philistines near Joppe. Gorgias, an experienced warrior, had retired thither. C. iv. 5. and 2 B. viii. 9. C.
Καὶ παρήγγειλαν τοῖς ἀπὸ τῆς δυνάμεως τῆς μετʼ αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐπορεύθησαν ἐπὶ Ἰάμνειαν.
5:59 Et exivit Gorgias de civitate, et viri ejus obviam illis in pugnam.
And Gorgias and his men went out of the city, to give them battle.
Καὶ ἐξῆλθε Γοργίας ἐκ τῆς πόλεως, καὶ οἱ ἄνδρες αὐτοῦ, εἰς συνάντησιν αὐτοῖς εἰς πόλεμον.
5:60 Et fugati sunt Josephus et Azarias usque in fines Judaeae : et ceciderunt illo die de populo Israel ad duo millia viri, et facta est fuga magna in populo :
And Joseph and Azarias were put to flight, and were pursued unto the borders of Judea: and there fell on that day, of the people of Israel, about two thousand men, and there was a great overthrow of the people:
Καὶ ἐτροπώθη Ἰώσηφος καὶ Ἀζαρίας, καὶ ἐδιώχθησαν ἕως τῶν ὁρίων τῆς Ἰουδαίας· καὶ ἔπεσον ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ εἰς δισχιλίους ἄνδρας.
5:61 quia non audierunt Judam, et fratres ejus, existimantes fortiter se facturos.
Because they did not hearken to Judas and his brethren, thinking that they should do manfully.
Καὶ ἐγενήθη τροπὴ μεγάλη ἐν τῷ λαῷ Ἰσραὴλ, ὅτι οὐκ ἤκουσαν Ἰούδα καὶ τῶν ἀδελφῶν αὐτοῦ, οἰόμενοι ἀνδραγαθῆσαι.
5:62 Ipsi autem non erant de semine virorum illorum, per quos salus facta est in Israel.
*H But they were not of the seed of those men by whom salvation was brought to Israel.
Ver. 62. Israel. The late Rev. Robt. Bannister applied this to Prot. writers of sermons, to dissuade young divines from applying to such authors as Tillotson, &c. It may also shew the reason why heretics succeed so ill in their foreign missions. H. — They know how to pervert Catholics, not how to convert infidels. Tert.
Αὐτοὶ δὲ οὐκ ἦσαν ἐκ τοῦ σπέρματος τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἐκείνων, οἷς ἐδόθη σωτηρία Ἰσραὴλ διὰ χειρὸς αὐτῶν.
5:63 Et viri Juda magnificati sunt valde in conspectu omnis Israel, et gentium omnium ubi audiebatur nomen eorum.
*H And the men of Juda were magnified exceedingly in the sight of all Israel, and of all the nations where their name was heard.
Ver. 63. Men. Gr. "man, Judas, and his brethren were," &c. H. — See a similar expression Ex. xiv. 3. respecting Moses.
Καὶ ὁ ἀνὴρ Ἰούδας καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ ἐδοξάσθησαν σφόδρα ἑναντίον παντὸς Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν πάντων, οὗ ἠκούετο τὸ ὄνομα αὐτῶν.
5:64 Et convenerunt ad eos fausta acclamantes.
And the people assembled to them with joyful acclamations.
Καὶ ἐπισυνήγοντο πρὸς αὐτοὺς εὐφημοῦντες.
5:65 Et exivit Judas et fratres ejus, et expugnabant filios Esau in terra quae ad austrum est, et percussit Chebron et filias ejus : et muros ejus, et turres succendit igni in circuitu.
* Footnotes
*H Then Judas and his brethren went forth and attacked the children of Esau, in the land towards the south, and he took Chebron and her towns: and he burnt the walls thereof, and the towers all round it.
Ver. 65. Chebron, or Hebron, which the Idumeans had seized. Judas retook it after he had defeated Gorgias. 2 B. xii. 32.
Καὶ ἐξῆλθεν Ἰούδας καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐπολέμουν τοὺς υἱοὺς Ἡσαῦ ἐν τῇ γῇ πρὸς Νότον, καὶ ἐπάταξε τὴν Χεβρὼν καὶ τὰς θυγατέρας αὐτῆς, καὶ καθεῖλε τὸ ὀχύρωμα αὐτῆς, καὶ τοὺς πύργους αὐτῆς ἐνέπρησε κυκλόθεν.
5:66 Et movit castra ut iret in terram alienigenarum, et perambulabat Samariam.
*H And he removed his camp to go into the land of the aliens, and he went through Samaria.
Ver. 66. Aliens; Philistines. v. 68. — Samaria. This seems too remote. Some substitute Saraia; (Jos. xv. 35.) others Maresa, (2 B. xii. 35.) Marissa, (Jos.) the same as Ressa. Num. xxxiii. 21.
Καὶ ἀπῇρε τοῦ πορευθῆναι εἰς γῆν ἀλλοφύλων, καὶ διεπορεύετο τὴν Σαμάρειαν.
5:67 In die illa ceciderunt sacerdotes in bello, dum volunt fortiter facere, dum sine consilio exeunt in praelium.
*H In that day some priests fell in battle, while desiring to do manfully they went out unadvisedly to fight.
Ver. 67. Desiring. They were only too brave. This quality was not incompatible with the priesthood. Gr. Alex. has, "while he (Judas) was desiring," &c. Others have, "priests of the cities, while they," &c. The Rom. edit. agrees with us, (C.) and Grabe prints accordingly. H.
Ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ ἔπεσον ἱερεῖς ἐν πολέμῳ βουλόμενοι ἀνδραγαθῆσαι, ἐν τῷ αὐτοὺς ἐξελθεῖν εἰς πόλεμον ἀβουλεύτως.
5:68 Et declinavit Judas in Azotum in terram alienigenarum, et diruit aras eorum, et sculptilia deorum ipsorum succendit igni : et cepit spolia civitatum, et reversus est in terram Juda.
And Judas turned to Azotus, into the land of the strangers, and he threw down their altars, and he burnt the statues of their gods with fire: and he took the spoils of the cities, and returned into the land of Juda.
Καὶ ἐξέκλινεν Ἰούδας εἰς Ἄζωτον γῆν ἀλλοφύλων, καὶ καθεῖλε τοὺς βωμοὺς αὐτῶν, καὶ τὰ γλυπτὰ τῶν θεῶν αὐτῶν κατέκαυσε πυρὶ, καὶ ἐσκύλευσε τὰ σκῦλα τῶν πόλεων, καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν εἰς τὴν γῆν Ἰούδα.