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1:1 Petrus Apostolus Jesu Christi, electis advenis dispersionis Ponti, Galatiae, Cappadociae, Asiae, et Bithyniae,
*H Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the strangers dispersed through Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, elect,


Ver. 1. Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the strangers dispersed. Lit. of the dispersion; i.e. to the Jews or Gentiles now converted, who lived dispersed in those countries, chosen or elected[1] according to the foreknowledge and eternal decrees of God unto the sanctification of the spirit. Wi. — Asia is taken for one of the four quarters of the globe, or for Asia Minor, or for that province of Asia Minor of which Ephesus is the capital. It is in this latter sense it appears here to be understood, since Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, and Bithynia are also contained in the provinces of Asia Minor. V.

Πέτρος, ἀπόστολος Ἰησοῦ χριστοῦ, ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις διασπορᾶς Πόντου, Γαλατίας, Καππαδοκίας, Ἀσίας, καὶ Βιθυνίας,"
1:2 secundum praescientiam Dei Patris, in sanctificationem Spiritus, in obedientiam, et aspersionem sanguinis Jesu Christi. Gratia vobis, et pax multiplicetur.
*H According to the foreknowledge of God the Father, unto the sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ. Grace unto you and peace be multiplied.


Ver. 2. Unto the obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ; i.e. to be saved by the merits of his death and passion. Wi. — All the three divine Persons conspire in the salvation of the elect. The Father as principle of their election, by his eternal prescience; the Son as victim for their sins, and the source of all merit; the Holy Ghost as the spirit of adoption and love, animating and sanctifying them, and leading them to glory.

κατὰ πρόγνωσιν θεοῦ πατρός, ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος, εἰς ὑπακοὴν καὶ ῥαντισμὸν αἵματος Ἰησοῦ χριστοῦ· χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη."
1:3 Benedictus Deus et Pater Domini nostri Jesu Christi, qui secundum misericordiam suam magnam regeneravit nos in spem vivam, per resurrectionem Jesu Christi ex mortuis,
* Footnote * 2_Corinthians 1 : 3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of mercies and the God of all comfort:
* Footnote * Ephesians 1 : 3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who hath blessed us with spiritual blessings in heavenly places, in Christ:
Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who according to his great mercy hath regenerated us unto a lively hope, by the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead:
¶Εὐλογητὸς ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ χριστοῦ, ὁ κατὰ τὸ πολὺ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος ἀναγεννήσας ἡμᾶς εἰς ἐλπίδα ζῶσαν δι’ ἀναστάσεως Ἰησοῦ χριστοῦ ἐκ νεκρῶν,"
1:4 in haereditatem incorruptibilem, et incontaminatam, et immarcescibilem, conservatam in caelis in vobis,
*H Unto an inheritance, incorruptible, and undefiled and that cannot fade, reserved in heaven for you,


Ver. 4. Reserved in heaven for you. Lit. in you; that is, it is also in you by reason of that lively faith and hope, which is in you, of enjoying Christ. Wi.

εἰς κληρονομίαν ἄφθαρτον καὶ ἀμίαντον καὶ ἀμάραντον, τετηρημένην ἐν οὐρανοῖς εἰς ὑμᾶς,"
1:5 qui in virtute Dei custodimini per fidem in salutem, paratam revelari in tempore novissimo.
Who, by the power of God, are kept by faith unto salvation, ready to be revealed in the last time.
τοὺς ἐν δυνάμει θεοῦ φρουρουμένους διὰ πίστεως εἰς σωτηρίαν ἑτοίμην ἀποκαλυφθῆναι ἐν καιρῷ ἐσχάτῳ.
1:6 In quo exsultabis, modicum nunc si oportet contristari in variis tentationibus :
Wherein you shalt greatly rejoice, if now you must be for a little time made sorrowful in divers temptations:
Ἐν ᾧ ἀγαλλιᾶσθε, ὀλίγον ἄρτι, εἰ δέον ἐστίν, λυπηθέντες ἐν ποικίλοις πειρασμοῖς,"
1:7 ut probatio vestrae fidei multo pretiosior auro (quod per ignem probatur) inveniatur in laudem, et gloriam, et honorem in revelatione Jesu Christi :
*H That the trial of your faith (much more precious than gold which is tried by the fire) may be found unto praise and glory and honour at the appearing of Jesus Christ.


Ver. 7. At the appearing of Jesus Christ. Lit. in the revelation; i.e. when he shall be revealed, manifested, and appear at the day of judgment. Wi.

ἵνα τὸ δοκίμιον ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως πολὺ τιμιώτερον χρυσίου τοῦ ἀπολλυμένου, διὰ πυρὸς δὲ δοκιμαζομένου, εὑρεθῇ εἰς ἔπαινον καὶ τιμὴν καὶ εἰς δόξαν ἐν ἀποκαλύψει Ἰησοῦ χριστοῦ·"
1:8 quem cum non videritis, diligitis : in quem nunc quoque non videntes creditis : credentes autem exsultabitis laetitia inenarrabili, et glorificata :
Whom having not seen, you love: in whom also now though you see him not, you believe and, believing, shall rejoice with joy unspeakable and glorified;
ὃν οὐκ εἰδότες ἀγαπᾶτε, εἰς ὃν ἄρτι μὴ ὁρῶντες, πιστεύοντες δέ, ἀγαλλιᾶσθε χαρᾷ ἀνεκλαλήτῳ καὶ δεδοξασμένῃ,"
1:9 reportantes finem fidei vestrae, salutem animarum.
Receiving the end of your faith, even the salvation of your souls.
κομιζόμενοι τὸ τέλος τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν, σωτηρίαν ψυχῶν."
1:10 De qua salute exquisierunt, atque scrutati sunt prophetae, qui de futura in vobis gratia prophetaverunt :
Of which salvation the prophets have inquired and diligently searched, who prophesied of the grace to come in you.
Περὶ ἧς σωτηρίας ἐξεζήτησαν καὶ ἐξηρεύνησαν προφῆται οἱ περὶ τῆς εἰς ὑμᾶς χάριτος προφητεύσαντες·
1:11 scrutantes in quod vel quale tempus significaret in eis Spiritus Christi : praenuntians eas quae in Christo sunt passiones, et posteriores glorias :
*H Searching what or what manner of time the Spirit of Christ in them did signify, when it foretold those sufferings that are in Christ and the glories that should follow.


Ver. 11. Searching into what time, or manner of time. The ancient prophets with longing and ardent desires, obtained to know of the Holy Ghost, the spirit of Christ, the time and the glory that followed those sufferings, by Christ's resurrection and ascension. All these were revealed to them, and they saw that they ministered things to you, not to themselves; that is, that these things they were ministers of, in prophesying about them, were not to happen in their time, but are not come to pass, as they have been preached to you. Wi.

ἐρευνῶντες εἰς τίνα ἢ ποῖον καιρὸν ἐδήλου τὸ ἐν αὐτοῖς πνεῦμα χριστοῦ, προμαρτυρόμενον τὰ εἰς χριστὸν παθήματα, καὶ τὰς μετὰ ταῦτα δόξας."
1:12 quibus revelatum est quia non sibimetipsis, vobis autem ministrabant ea quae nunc nuntiata sunt vobis per eos qui evangelizaverunt vobis, Spiritu Sancto misso de caelo, in quem desiderant angeli prospicere.
*H To whom it was revealed that, not to themselves but to you, they ministered those things which are now declared to you by them that have preached the gospel to you: the Holy Ghost being sent down from heaven, on whom the angels desire to look.


Ver. 12. The Holy Ghost being sent down from heaven, on whom the Angels desire to look. [2] This place is differently expounded. Some refer these words, on whom the Angels desire to look, to Jesus Christ, who was named in the foregoing verse; some to the Holy Ghost, who, being one God with the Father and the Son, the Angels are happy in seeing and loving him. See Estius and the Greek text. Wi.

Οἷς ἀπεκαλύφθη ὅτι οὐχ ἑαυτοῖς, ὑμῖν δὲ διηκόνουν αὐτά, ἃ νῦν ἀνηγγέλη ὑμῖν διὰ τῶν εὐαγγελισαμένων ὑμᾶς ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ ἀποσταλέντι ἀπ’ οὐρανοῦ, εἰς ἃ ἐπιθυμοῦσιν ἄγγελοι παρακύψαι."
1:13 Propter quod succincti lumbos mentis vestrae, sobrii, perfecte sperate in eam, quae offertur vobis, gratiam, in revelationem Jesu Christi :
*H Wherefore, having the loins of your mind girt up, being sober, trust perfectly in the grace which is offered you in the revelation of Jesus Christ.


Ver. 13. The loins of your mind girded. It is a metaphor, to signify they must live in such a manner as to be always prepared for heaven, as persons used to gird their garments about them, when about to walk or run, or to undertake any labour. Wi.

¶Διὸ ἀναζωσάμενοι τὰς ὀσφύας τῆς διανοίας ὑμῶν, νήφοντες, τελείως ἐλπίσατε ἐπὶ τὴν φερομένην ὑμῖν χάριν ἐν ἀποκαλύψει Ἰησοῦ χριστοῦ·"
1:14 quasi filii obedientiae, non configurati prioribus ignorantiae vestrae desideriis :
*H As children of obedience, not fashioned according to the former desires of your ignorance,


Ver. 14. As children of obedience; i.e. as obedient children. Wi.

ὡς τέκνα ὑπακοῆς, μὴ συσχηματιζόμενοι ταῖς πρότερον ἐν τῇ ἀγνοίᾳ ὑμῶν ἐπιθυμίαις,"
1:15 sed secundum eum qui vocavit vos, Sanctum : et ipsi in omni conversatione sancti sitis :
But according to him that hath called you, who is holy, be you also in all manner of conversation holy:
ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὸν καλέσαντα ὑμᾶς ἅγιον καὶ αὐτοὶ ἅγιοι ἐν πάσῃ ἀναστροφῇ γενήθητε·
1:16 quoniam scriptum est : Sancti eritis, quoniam ego sanctus sum.
* Footnote * Leviticus 11 : 44 For I am the Lord your God. Be holy because I am holy. Defile not your souls by any creeping thing, that moveth upon the earth.
* Footnote * Leviticus 20 : 7 Sanctify yourselves, and be ye holy: because I am the Lord your God.
Because it is written: You shall be holy, for I am holy.
διότι γέγραπται, Ἅγιοι γίνεσθε, ὅτι ἐγὼ ἅγιός εἰμι."
1:17 Et si patrem invocatis eum, qui sine acceptione personarum judicat secundum uniuscujusque opus, in timore incolatus vestri tempore conversamini.
* Footnote * Deuteronomy 10 : 17 Because the Lord your God he is the God of gods, and the Lord of lords, a great God and mighty and terrible, who accepteth no person nor taketh bribes.
* Footnote * Romans 2 : 11 For there is no respect of persons with God.
* Footnote * Galatians 2 : 6 But of them who seemed to be some thing, (what they were some time it is nothing to me, God accepteth not the person of man): for to me they that seemed to be some thing added nothing.
And if you invoke as Father him who, without respect of persons, judgeth according to every one's work: converse in fear during the time of your sojourning here.
Καὶ εἰ πατέρα ἐπικαλεῖσθε τὸν ἀπροσωπολήπτως κρίνοντα κατὰ τὸ ἑκάστου ἔργον, ἐν φόβῳ τὸν τῆς παροικίας ὑμῶν χρόνον ἀναστράφητε·"
1:18 Scientes quod non corruptibilibus, auro vel argento, redempti estis de vana vestra conversatione paternae traditionis :
*H Knowing that you were not redeemed with corruptible things, as gold or silver, from your vain conversation of the tradition of your fathers:


Ver. 18. From your vain conversation of the tradition of your fathers. S. Peter teacheth what S. Paul repeats in many places, that it was in vain for them to hope to be saved by the ceremonies and precepts of the former law, to which their forefathers had added many unnecessary and groundless traditions. They could only hope for salvation by believing in Christ, by the price of whose precious blood they were redeemed from their sins, as they had heard by the word of the gospel preached to them. His doctrine is the same with that of S. Paul, of S. James, of S. John, and of the other apostles, that to be saved it is not enough to have faith or hope in Christ, but it must be a faith joined and working by charity, obeying the law of Christ in the spirit of charity with a sincere and brotherly love of every one, without setting our hearts upon the vanities and corruptible things of this world, remembering that all flesh is as grass, or the flowers of the field, which wither and pass away in a very short time. Thus presently vanish all riches, honours, pleasures, and all the glory of this life, but the word of God and his promises will bring us to happiness which will last for ever. Wi.

εἰδότες ὅτι οὐ φθαρτοῖς, ἀργυρίῳ ἢ χρυσίῳ, ἐλυτρώθητε ἐκ τῆς ματαίας ὑμῶν ἀναστροφῆς πατροπαραδότου,"
1:19 sed pretioso sanguine quasi agni immaculati Christi, et incontaminati :
* Footnote * 1_Corinthians 6 : 20 For you are bought with a great price. Glorify and bear God in your body.
* Footnote * 1_Corinthians 7 : 23 You are bought with a price: be not made the bondslaves of men.
* Footnote * Hebrews 9 : 14 How much more shall the blood of Christ, who by the Holy Ghost offered himself unspotted unto God, cleanse our conscience from dead works, to serve the living God?
* Footnote * 1_John 1 : 7 But if we walk in the light, as he also is in the light, we have fellowship one with another: And the blood of Jesus Christ his Son cleanseth us from all sin.
* Footnote * Apocalypse 1 : 5 And from Jesus Christ, who is the faithful witness, the first begotten of the dead and the prince of the kings of the earth, who hath loved us and washed us from our sins in his own blood
But with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb unspotted and undefiled
ἀλλὰ τιμίῳ αἵματι ὡς ἀμνοῦ ἀμώμου καὶ ἀσπίλου χριστοῦ,"
1:20 praecogniti quidem ante mundi constitutionem, manifestati autem novissimis temporibus propter vos,
Foreknown indeed before the foundation of the world, but manifested in the last times for you:
προεγνωσμένου μὲν πρὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου, φανερωθέντος δὲ ἐπ’ ἐσχάτων τῶν χρόνων δι’ ὑμᾶς,"
1:21 qui per ipsum fideles estis in Deo, qui suscitavit eum a mortuis, et dedit ei gloriam, ut fides vestra et spes esset in Deo :
Who through him are faithful in God who raised him up from the dead and hath given him glory, that your faith and hope might be in God.
τοὺς δι’ αὐτοῦ πιστεύοντας εἰς θεόν, τὸν ἐγείραντα αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν, καὶ δόξαν αὐτῷ δόντα, ὥστε τὴν πίστιν ὑμῶν καὶ ἐλπίδα εἶναι εἰς θεόν."
1:22 animas vestras castificantes in obedientia caritatis, in fraternitatis amore, simplici ex corde invicem diligite attentius :
Purifying your souls in the obedience of charity, with a brotherly love, from a sincere heart love one another earnestly:
Τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν ἡγνικότες ἐν τῇ ὑπακοῇ τῆς ἀληθείας διὰ πνεύματος εἰς φιλαδελφίαν ἀνυπόκριτον, ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας ἀλλήλους ἀγαπήσατε ἐκτενῶς·"
1:23 renati non ex semine corruptibili, sed incorruptibili per verbum Dei vivi, et permanentis in aeternum :
*H Being born again, not of corruptible seed, but incorruptible, by the word of God who liveth and remaineth for ever.


Ver. 23. Thus this new birth, common to you all, should form between you an union much more stable and solid than that formed in you by the ties of blood. V.

ἀναγεγεννημένοι οὐκ ἐκ σπορᾶς φθαρτῆς, ἀλλὰ ἀφθάρτου, διὰ λόγου ζῶντος θεοῦ καὶ μένοντος εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα."
1:24 quia omnis caro ut foenum : et omnis gloria ejus tamquam flos foeni : exaruit foenum, et flos ejus decidit.
* Footnote * Isaias 40 : 6 The voice of one, saying: Cry. And I said: What shall I cry? All flesh is grass, and all the glory thereof as the flower of the field.
* Footnote * James 1 : 10 And the rich, in his being low: because as the flower of the grass shall he pass away.
For all flesh is as grass and all the glory thereof as the flower of grass. The grass is withered and the flower thereof is fallen away.
Διότι, Πᾶσα σὰρξ ὡς χόρτος, καὶ πᾶσα δόξα ἀνθρώπου ὡς ἄνθος χόρτου. Ἐξηράνθη ὁ χόρτος, καὶ τὸ ἄνθος αὐτοῦ ἐξέπεσεν·"
1:25 Verbum autem Domini manet in aeternum : hoc est autem verbum, quod evangelizatum est in vos.
But the word of the Lord endureth for ever. And this is the word which by the gospel hath been preached unto you.
τὸ δὲ ῥῆμα κυρίου μένει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα. Τοῦτο δέ ἐστιν τὸ ῥῆμα τὸ εὐαγγελισθὲν εἰς ὑμᾶς.
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