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1:1 Verbum Domini, quod factum est ad Joel, filium Phatuel.
* Footnotes
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A.M. circiter 3204, A.C. 800.
*H The word of the Lord, that came to Joel, the son of Phatuel.
Ver. 1. Planted. Sept. "Bathuel." He was born in the tribe of Gad, at Bethaven, the town which Herod styles Livias Jos. xiii. 27. C.
ΛΟΓΟΣ Κυρίου ὃς ἐγενήθη πρὸς Ἰωὴλ τὸν τοῦ Βαθουήλ.
דְּבַר יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָ֔ה אֶל יוֹאֵ֖ל בֶּן פְּתוּאֵֽל
1:2 [Audite hoc, senes, et auribus percipite, omnes habitatores terrae : si factum est istud in diebus vestris, aut in diebus patrum vestrorum ?
*H Hear this, ye old men, and give ear, all ye inhabitants of the land: did this ever happen in your days, or in the days of your fathers?
Ver. 2. Men. Magistrates, and all who have children. H. He speaks to Juda, as the kingdom of Israel was ruined. C. iii. 2. His principal object is to describe the ravages of locusts, and to exhort the people to repent, promising them better times after the captivity, and under the Messias. C. ii. 28. and iii. 20. C.
Ἀκούσατε ταῦτα, οἱ πρεσβύτεροι, καὶ ἑνωτίσασθε, πάντες οἱ κατοικοῦντες τὴν γῆν. εἰ γέγονεν τοιαῦτα ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἡμῶν, ἢ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν;
שִׁמְעוּ זֹאת֙ הַ/זְּקֵנִ֔ים וְ/הַֽאֲזִ֔ינוּ כֹּ֖ל יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָ/אָ֑רֶץ הֶ/הָ֤יְתָה זֹּאת֙ בִּֽ/ימֵי/כֶ֔ם וְ/אִ֖ם בִּ/ימֵ֥י אֲבֹֽתֵי/כֶֽם
1:3 Super hoc filiis vestris narrate, et filii vestri filiis suis, et filii eorum generationi alterae.
*H Tell ye of this to your children, and let your children tell their children, and their children to another generation.
Ver. 3. Generation. Prophecies relate to all future times, that people may see their accomplishment, (W.) and believe. H.
ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν τοῖς τέκνοις ὑμῶν διηγήσασθε, καὶ τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν τοῖς τέκνοις αὐτῶν, καὶ τὰ τέκνα αὐτῶν εἰς γενεὰν ἑτέραν.
עָלֶ֖/יהָ לִ/בְנֵי/כֶ֣ם סַפֵּ֑רוּ וּ/בְנֵי/כֶם֙ לִ/בְנֵי/הֶ֔ם וּ/בְנֵי/הֶ֖ם לְ/ד֥וֹר אַחֵֽר
1:4 Residuum erucae comedit locusta, et residuum locustae comedit bruchus, et residuum bruchi comedit rubigo.
*H That which the palmerworm hath left, the locust hath eaten: and that which the locust hath left, the bruchus hath eaten: and that which the bruchus hath left, the mildew hath destroyed.
Ver. 4. Left, &c. Some understand this literally of the desolation of the land by these insects: others understand it of the different invasions of the Chaldeans, or other enemies. Ch. — Jerusalem was four times plundered by the Babylonians, and every time worse than before, as these four sorts of destructive things shew. But we shall not enlarge upon these points, nor pursue the mystical sense of the prophets, which may be found in the fathers and Ribera. W. — Others suppose that the Assyrians, Chaldeans, Greeks, (particularly Epiphanes) and Romans, are meant. We explain it simply of the devastation by insects. C. — Four different species of locusts are denoted. Bochart, p. 2. b. iv. 1. — Mildew. Heb. chasil, (H.) is often rendered "a locust," by Sept. (C. ii. 25. &c.) and most suppose this is here the sense. The mildew destroys corn chiefly in low damp situations. C.
τὰ κατάλοιπα τῆς κάμπης κατέφαγεν ἡ ἀκρίς, καὶ τὰ κατάλοιπα τῆς ἀκρίδος κατέφαγεν ὁ βροῦχος, καὶ τὰ κατάλοιπα τοῦ βρούχου κατέφαγεν ἡ ἐρυσίβη.
יֶ֤תֶר הַ/גָּזָם֙ אָכַ֣ל הָֽ/אַרְבֶּ֔ה וְ/יֶ֥תֶר הָ/אַרְבֶּ֖ה אָכַ֣ל הַ/יָּ֑לֶק וְ/יֶ֣תֶר הַ/יֶּ֔לֶק אָכַ֖ל הֶ/חָסִֽיל
1:5 Expergiscimini, ebrii, et flete et ululate, omnes qui bibitis vinum in dulcedine, quoniam periit ab ore vestro.
*H Awake, ye that are drunk, and weep, and mourn all ye that take delight; in drinking sweet wine: for it is cut off from your mouth.
Ver. 5. Sweet. Heb. "wine, because of the sweet wine," (H.) or liquors extracted from fruit. The things which you have abused, are now taken away.
Ἐκνήψατε, οἱ μεθύοντες, ἐξ οἴνου αὐτῶν καὶ κλαύσατε· θρηνήσατε πάντες οἱ πίνοντες οἶνον εἰς μέθην, ὅτι ἐξῄρθη ἐκ στόματος ὑμῶν εὐφροσύνη καὶ χαρά.
הָקִ֤יצוּ שִׁכּוֹרִים֙ וּ/בְכ֔וּ וְ/הֵילִ֖לוּ כָּל שֹׁ֣תֵי יָ֑יִן עַל עָסִ֕יס כִּ֥י נִכְרַ֖ת מִ/פִּי/כֶֽם
1:6 Gens enim ascendit super terram meam, fortis et innumerabilis : dentes ejus ut dentes leonis, et molares ejus ut catuli leonis.
*H For a nation come up upon my land, strong, and without number: his teeth are like the teeth of a lion: and his cheek teeth as of a lion's whelp.
Ver. 6. Nations. Some understand the Assyrians or Chaldeans. But locusts are here styled a nation. Prov. xxx. 25. — Lion. Such locusts are described. Apoc. ix. 8. C. — "In India they are said to be three feet long, and their legs and thighs are used for saws when dried." Pliny xi. 29. — They were attacked by regular troops in Syria. Ib.
Ὅτι ἔθνος ἀνέβη ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν μου ἰσχυρὸν καὶ ἀναρίθμητον, οἱ ὀδόντες αὐτοῦ ὀδόντες λέοντος, καὶ αἱ μῦλαι αὐτοῦ σκύμνου·
כִּֽי גוֹי֙ עָלָ֣ה עַל אַרְצִ֔/י עָצ֖וּם וְ/אֵ֣ין מִסְפָּ֑ר שִׁנָּי/ו֙ שִׁנֵּ֣י אַרְיֵ֔ה וּֽ/מְתַלְּע֥וֹת לָבִ֖יא לֽ/וֹ
1:7 Posuit vineam meam in desertum, et ficum meam decorticavit ; nudans spoliavit eam, et projecit : albi facti sunt rami ejus.
He hath laid my vineyard waste, and hath pilled off the bark of my fig tree: he hath stripped it bare, and cast it away; the branches thereof are made white.
Ἔθετο τὴν ἄμπελόν μου εἰς ἀφανισμὸν, καὶ τὰς συκάς μου εἰς συγκλασμόν· ἐρευνῶν ἐξηρεύνησεν αὐτὴν, καὶ ἔῤῥιψεν· ἐλεύκανε τὰ κλήματα αὐτῆς.
שָׂ֤ם גַּפְנִ/י֙ לְ/שַׁמָּ֔ה וּ/תְאֵנָתִ֖/י לִ/קְצָפָ֑ה חָשֹׂ֤ף חֲשָׂפָ/הּ֙ וְ/הִשְׁלִ֔יךְ הִלְבִּ֖ינוּ שָׂרִיגֶֽי/הָ
1:8 Plange quasi virgo accincta sacco super virum pubertatis suae.
*H Lament like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the husband of her youth.
Ver. 8. Youth, whom she espoused first. Such are more tenderly loved, particularly where polygamy prevails. C. — So Dido speaks of Sichæus, Virg. Æn. iv.:
Θρήνησον πρὸς μὲ ὑπὲρ νύμφην περιεζωσμένην σάκκον, ἐπὶ τὸν ἄνδρα αὐτῆς τὸν παρθενικόν.
אֱלִ֕י כִּ/בְתוּלָ֥ה חֲגֻֽרַת שַׂ֖ק עַל בַּ֥עַל נְעוּרֶֽי/הָ
1:9 Periit sacrificium et libatio de domo Domini ; luxerunt sacerdotes, ministri Domini.
*H Sacrifice and libation is cut off from the house of the Lord: the priests, the Lord's ministers, have mourned:
Ver. 9. Lord. No harvest being reaped, the fruits could not be paid. Yet it is thought that what was requisite for sacrifice, would be procured from other countries. C. — When Jerusalem was destroyed, sacrifices ceased. W.
Ἐξῇρται θυσία καὶ σπονδὴ ἐξ οἴκου Κυρίου· πενθεῖτε οἱ ἱερεῖς οἱ λειτουργοῦντες θυσιαστηρίῳ Κυρίου,
הָכְרַ֥ת מִנְחָ֛ה וָ/נֶ֖סֶךְ מִ/בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה אָֽבְלוּ֙ הַ/כֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים מְשָׁרְתֵ֖י יְהוָֽה
1:10 Depopulata est regio, luxit humus, quoniam devastatum est triticum, confusum est vinum, elanguit oleum.
The country is destroyed, the ground hath mourned: for the corn is wasted, the wine is confounded, the oil hath languished.
ὅτι τεταλαιπώρηκε τὰ πεδία· πενθείτω ἡ γῆ, ὅτι τεταλαιπώρηκεν σῖτος· ἐξηράνθη οἶνος, ὠλιγώθη ἔλαιον·
שֻׁדַּ֣ד שָׂדֶ֔ה אָבְלָ֖ה אֲדָמָ֑ה כִּ֚י שֻׁדַּ֣ד דָּגָ֔ן הוֹבִ֥ישׁ תִּיר֖וֹשׁ אֻמְלַ֥ל יִצְהָֽר
1:11 Confusi sunt agricolae, ululaverunt vinitores super frumento et hordeo, quia periit messis agri.
The husbandmen are ashamed, the vinedressers have howled for the wheat, and for the barley, because the harvest of the field is perished.
Ἐξηράνθησαν γεωργοί· θρηνεῖτε κτήματα ὑπὲρ πυροῦ καὶ κριθῆς, ὅτι ἀπόλωλε τρυγητὸς ἐξ ἀγροῦ·
הֹבִ֣ישׁוּ אִכָּרִ֗ים הֵילִ֨ילוּ֙ כֹּֽרְמִ֔ים עַל חִטָּ֖ה וְ/עַל שְׂעֹרָ֑ה כִּ֥י אָבַ֖ד קְצִ֥יר שָׂדֶֽה
1:12 Vinea confusa est, et ficus elanguit ; malogranatum, et palma, et malum, et omnia ligna agri aruerunt, quia confusum est gaudium a filiis hominum.
*H The vineyard is confounded, and the fig tree hath languished: the pomegranate tree, and the palm tree, and the apple tree, and all the trees of the field are withered: because joy is withdrawn from the children of men.
Ver. 12. Withered. The bite of the locust corrupts the juice of plants.
Ἡ ἄμπελος ἐξηράνθη, καὶ αἱ συκαῖ ὠλιγώθησαν· ῥοὰ, καὶ φοῖνιξ, καὶ μῆλον, καὶ πάντα τὰ ξύλα τοῦ ἀγροῦ ἐξηράνθησαν, ὅτι ᾔσχυναν χαρὰν οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων.
הַ/גֶּ֣פֶן הוֹבִ֔ישָׁה וְ/הַ/תְּאֵנָ֖ה אֻמְלָ֑לָה רִמּ֞וֹן גַּם תָּמָ֣ר וְ/תַפּ֗וּחַ כָּל עֲצֵ֤י הַ/שָּׂדֶה֙ יָבֵ֔שׁוּ כִּֽי הֹבִ֥ישׁ שָׂשׂ֖וֹן מִן בְּנֵ֥י אָדָֽם
1:13 Accingite vos, et plangite, sacerdotes : ululate, ministri altaris ; ingredimini, cubate in sacco, ministri Dei mei, quoniam interiit de domo Dei vestri sacrificium et libatio.
*H Gird yourselves, and lament, O ye priests, howl, ye ministers of the altars: go in, lie in sackcloth, ye ministers of my God: because sacrifice and libation is cut off from the house of your God.
Ver. 13. Go in to the temple, or sleep on sackcloth. Judith iv. 9. C.
Περιζώσασθε καὶ κόπτεσθε οἱ ἱερεῖς· θρηνεῖτε οἱ λειτουργοῦντες θυσιαστηρίῳ· εἰσέλθετε, ὑπνώσατε ἐν σάκκοις λειτουργοῦντες Θεῷ, ὅτι ἀπέσχηκεν ἐξ οἴκου Θεοῦ ὑμῶν θυσία καὶ σπονδή.
חִגְר֨וּ וְ/סִפְד֜וּ הַ/כֹּהֲנִ֗ים הֵילִ֨ילוּ֙ מְשָׁרְתֵ֣י מִזְבֵּ֔חַ בֹּ֚אוּ לִ֣ינוּ בַ/שַּׂקִּ֔ים מְשָׁרְתֵ֖י אֱלֹהָ֑/י כִּ֥י נִמְנַ֛ע מִ/בֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵי/כֶ֖ם מִנְחָ֥ה וָ/נָֽסֶךְ
1:14 Sanctificate jejunium, vocate coetum, congregate senes, omnes habitatores terrae in domum Dei vestri, et clamate ad Dominum :
*H Sanctify ye a fast, call an assembly, gather together the ancients, all the inhabitants of the land into the house of your God: and cry ye to the Lord:
Ver. 14. Sanctify. Appoint (H.) or proclaim a general fast, as was usual in such emergencies. 3 K. xxi. 9. and 2 Par. xx. 3. Fasting and other good works are calculated to appease God's wrath. W.
Ἁγιάσατε νηστείαν, κηρύξατε θεραπείαν, συναγάγετε πρεσβυτέρους, πάντας κατοικοῦντας γῆν εἰς οἶκον Θεοῦ ὑμῶν, καὶ κεκράξετε πρὸς Κύριον ἐκτενῶς,
קַדְּשׁוּ צוֹם֙ קִרְא֣וּ עֲצָרָ֔ה אִסְפ֣וּ זְקֵנִ֗ים כֹּ֚ל יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָ/אָ֔רֶץ בֵּ֖ית יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵי/כֶ֑ם וְ/זַעֲק֖וּ אֶל יְהוָֽה
1:15 A, a, a, diei ! quia prope est dies Domini, et quasi vastitas a potente veniet.
*H Ah, ah, ah, for the day: because the day of the Lord is at hand, and it shall come like destruction from the mighty.
Ver. 15. Day. Heb. ahah layom: (H.) "Ah, what a day!" — Mighty. Sept. "destruction." They have read in a different manner. God is about to give sentence, (C.) and to send Nabuchodonosor, (S. Jer.) or to destroy by famine. v. 17.
Οἴμοι, οἴμοι, οἴμοι εἰς ἡμέραν, ὅτι ἐγγὺς ἡ ἡμέρα Κυρίου, καὶ ὡς ταλαιπωρία ἐκ ταλαιπωρίας ἥξει.
אֲהָ֖הּ לַ/יּ֑וֹם כִּ֤י קָרוֹב֙ י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה וּ/כְ/שֹׁ֖ד מִ/שַׁדַּ֥י יָבֽוֹא
1:16 Numquid non coram oculis vestris alimenta perierunt de domo Dei nostri, laetitia et exsultatio ?
*H Is not your food cut off before your eyes, joy and gladness from the house of our God?
Ver. 16. God. None can bring the first-fruits. All appear in mourning.
Κατέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν ὑμῶν βρώματα ἐξωλθρεύθη, ἐξ οἴκου Θεοῦ ὑμῶν εὐφροσύνη καὶ χαρά.
הֲ/ל֛וֹא נֶ֥גֶד עֵינֵ֖י/נוּ אֹ֣כֶל נִכְרָ֑ת מִ/בֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵ֖י/נוּ שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָ/גִֽיל
1:17 Computruerunt jumenta in stercore suo, demolita sunt horrea, dissipatae sunt apothecae, quoniam confusum est triticum.
*H The beasts have rotted in their dung, the barns are destroyed, the storehouses are broken down: because the corn is confounded.
Ver. 17. Dung. Horse-dung dried for bedding, was used in the East instead of straw, (Busb. 3.) as it is still by the Arabs. Darvieux. 11. — Heb. "the seeds are rotten under their clods," (H.) finding no moisture. Sept. "the cows have stamped in their stalls;" or Syr. "remain without food in their cribs." Chal. "the pitchers of wine have been corrupted under their covers," as there was no new wine. C. — Houses. Heb. mammeguroth. Prot. "barns, (H.) or country houses;" which means cabins erected for the season, (Ruth ii. 7.) the Magaria (C.) or Mopalia of the Africans. S. Jer. pref. Amos. — Sept. "the wine presses." Wine and corn were preserved in pits carefully covered over. Agg. ii. 20. These fell to decay, as there was no use for them.
Ἐσκίρτησαν δαμάλεις ἐπὶ ταῖς φάτναις αὐτῶν, ἠφανίσθησαν θησαυροὶ, κατεσκάφησαν ληνοὶ, ὅτι ἐξηράνθη σῖτος.
עָבְשׁ֣וּ פְרֻד֗וֹת תַּ֚חַת מֶגְרְפֹ֣תֵי/הֶ֔ם נָשַׁ֨מּוּ֙ אֹֽצָר֔וֹת נֶהֶרְס֖וּ מַמְּגֻר֑וֹת כִּ֥י הֹבִ֖ישׁ דָּגָֽן
1:18 Quid ingemuit animal, mugierunt greges armenti ? quia non est pascua eis ; sed et greges pecorum disperierunt.
Why did the beasts groan, why did the herds of cattle low? because there is no pasture for them: yea, and the flocks of sheep are perished.
Τί ἀποθήσομεν ἑαυτοῖς; ἔκλαυσαν βουκόλια βοῶν, ὅτι οὐχ ὑπῆρχε νομὴ αὐτοῖς· καὶ τὰ ποίμνια τῶν προβάτων ἠφανίσθησαν.
מַה נֶּאֶנְחָ֣ה בְהֵמָ֗ה נָבֹ֨כוּ֙ עֶדְרֵ֣י בָקָ֔ר כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין מִרְעֶ֖ה לָ/הֶ֑ם גַּם עֶדְרֵ֥י הַ/צֹּ֖אן נֶאְשָֽׁמוּ
1:19 Ad te, Domine, clamabo, quia ignis comedit speciosa deserti, et flamma succendit omnia ligna regionis.
*H To thee, O Lord, will I cry: because fire hath devoured the beautiful places of the wilderness: and the flame hath burnt all the trees of the country.
Ver. 19. Places. Heb. "dwellings," or shepherds' huts. — Wilderness, denoting all pasture land unploughed.
Πρὸς σὲ Κύριε βοήσομαι, ὅτι πῦρ ἀνήλωσε τὰ ὡραῖα τῆς ἐρήμου, καὶ φλὸξ ἀνῆψε πάντα τὰ ξύλα τοῦ ἀγροῦ,
אֵלֶ֥י/ךָ יְהוָ֖ה אֶקְרָ֑א כִּ֣י אֵ֗שׁ אָֽכְלָה֙ נְא֣וֹת מִדְבָּ֔ר וְ/לֶ֣הָבָ֔ה לִהֲטָ֖ה כָּל עֲצֵ֥י הַ/שָּׂדֶֽה
1:20 Sed et bestiae agri, quasi area sitiens imbrem, suspexerunt ad te, quoniam exsiccati sunt fontes aquarum, et ignis devoravit speciosa deserti.]
*H Yea, and the beasts of the field have looked up to thee, as a garden bed that thirsteth after rain, for the springs of waters are dried up, and fire hath devoured the beautiful places of the wilderness.
Ver. 20. Up, as if to pray for rain. Jer. xiv. 6. C. — Heb. "cry," (H.) or "pant." — As...rain is not in Heb. or Sept. C.
καὶ τὰ κτήνη τοῦ πεδίου ἀνέβλεψαν πρὸς σὲ, ὅτι ἐξηράνθησαν ἀφέσεις ὑδάτων, καὶ πῦρ κατέφαγε τὰ ὡραῖα τῆς ἐρήμου.
גַּם בַּהֲמ֥וֹת שָׂדֶ֖ה תַּעֲר֣וֹג אֵלֶ֑י/ךָ כִּ֤י יָֽבְשׁוּ֙ אֲפִ֣יקֵי מָ֔יִם וְ/אֵ֕שׁ אָכְלָ֖ה נְא֥וֹת הַ/מִּדְבָּֽר