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30:1 Facies quoque altare ad adolendum thymiama, de lignis setim,
*H Thou shalt make also an altar to burn incense, of setim wood.


Ver. 1. An altar to burn incense. This burning of incense was an emblem of prayer, ascending to God from an inflamed heart. See Ps. cxl. 2. Apoc. v. 8. and viii. 4. Ch. — Nothing but incense was daily offered by the high priest upon this altar. On the day of expiation he touched the four corners with blood. It stood over-against the bread of proposition.

30:2 habens cubitum longitudinis, et alterum latitudinis, id est, quadrangulum, et duos cubitos in altitudine. Cornua ex ipso procedent.
*H It shall be a cubit in length, and another in breadth, that is, four square, and two in height. Horns shall go out of the same.


Ver. 2. Height. Ezechiel (xli. 22,) describes his altar of incense, a cubit higher.

30:3 Vestiesque illud auro purissimo, tam craticulam ejus, quam parietes per circuitum, et cornua. Faciesque ei coronam aureolam per gyrum,
*H And thou shalt overlay it with the purest gold, as well the grate thereof, as the walls round about, and the horns. And thou shalt make to it a crown of gold round about,


Ver. 3. Grate, or covering. Some think the fire and incense were placed on this grate, and the ashes fell under the altar. But fire was taken hence, and put in the thuribles; (Num. xvi. 17. C.) or a brazen thurible was placed on the fire. Lev. x. 1. M. — Walls, or sides, of setim-wood. — Crown, cornice or moulding. See C. xxv. 25.

30:4 et duos annulos aureos sub corona per singula latera, ut mittantur in eos vectes, et altare portetur.
And two golden rings under the crown on either side, that the bars may be put into them, and the altar be carried.
30:5 Ipsos quoque vectes facies de lignis setim, et inaurabis.
And thou shalt make the bars also of setim wood, and shalt overlay them with gold.
30:6 Ponesque altare contra velum, quod ante arcum pendet testimonii coram propitiatorio quo tegitur testimonium, ubi loquar tibi.
*H And thou shalt set the altar over against the veil, that hangeth before the ark of the testimony before the propitiatory wherewith the testimony is covered, where I will speak to thee.


Ver. 6. Where, &c. Hence some infer, that its situation was in the most holy place. But God spoke also to Moses at the door of the sanctuary; (C. xxix. 42. H.) and most people suppose, that it was placed out of the holy of holies, beside the veil. The golden censer, which S. Paul (Heb. ix. 4,) tells us was within, might be that of Aaron, which was placed there after the sedition of Core, (Num. xvi.) or one that might be left smoking before the ark, on the day of expiation. C. — S. Augustine, &c. believe, however, that it was in the holy of holies. q. 133. Orig. hom. 19. S. Greg. 1 K. xiv. &c.

30:7 Et adolebit incensum super eo Aaron, suave fragrans, mane. Quando componet lucernas, incendet illud :
*H And Aaron shall burn sweet smelling incense upon it in the morning. When he shall dress the lamps, he shall burn it:


Ver. 7. Aaron, or some other priest. They did it by turns, and were bound to observe continence during the time of their ministry. Lev. xv. 16. Luc. i. 9. C.

30:8 et quando collocabit eas ad vesperum, uret thymiama sempiternum coram Domino in generationes vestras.
And when he shall place them in the evening, he shall burn an everlasting incense before the Lord throughout your generations.
30:9 Non offeretis super eo thymiama compositionis alterius, nec oblationem, et victimam, nec libabitis libamina.
*H You shall not offer upon it incense of another composition, nor oblation, and victim, neither shall you offer libations.


Ver. 9. Composition, than what is prescribed, v. 34. M.

30:10 Et deprecabitur Aaron super cornua ejus semel per annum, in sanguine quod oblatum est pro peccato, et placabit super eo in generationibus vestris. Sanctum sanctorum erit Domino.
*H And Aaron shall pray upon the horns thereof once a year, with the blood of that which was offered for sin; and shall make atonement upon it in your generations. It shall be most holy to the Lord.


Ver. 10. It. This altar, or this rite; all deserve a singular respect.

30:11 Locutusque est Dominus ad Moysen, dicens :
And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
30:12 Quando tuleris summam filiorum Israel juxta numerum, dabunt singuli pretium pro animabus suis Domino, et non erit plaga in eis, cum fuerint recensiti.
*H When thou shalt take the sum of the children of Israel, according to their number, every one of them shall give a price for their souls to the Lord, and there shall be no scourge among them, when they shall be reckoned.


Ver. 12. Sum. David perhaps neglected this injunction. 2 K. xxiv. Josep. Ant. vii. 10. Yet we do not read that Moses took the half sicle when he numbered the people. Num. i. Whence others gather, that this sum was to be paid every year, as it was done in our Saviour's time, for the support of the temple. Matt. xvii. 23. Vespasian ordered the Jews to pay the same money for the capitol. Josep. Bel. vii. 13. After the captivity, the third part of a sicle was demanded. 2 Esd. x. 32. C.

* Footnote * Numbers 1 : 3 From twenty years old and upwards, of all the men of Israel fit for war, and you shall number them by their troops, thou and Aaron.
30:13 Hoc autem dabit omnis qui transit ad nomen, dimidium sicli juxta mensuram templi (siclus viginti obolos habet) ; media pars sicli offeretur Domino.
*H And this shall every one give that passeth at the naming, half a sicle according to the standard of the temple. A sicle hath twenty obols. Half a sicle shall be offered to the Lord.


Ver. 13. Half a sicle. A sicle or shekel of silver, (which was also called a stater) according to the standard or weight of the sanctuary, which was the most just and exact, was half an ounce of silver; that is, about half a crown of English money. The obol, or gerah, was about three halfpence. Ch. — A priest kept the weights and measures. 1 Par. xxiii. 29. The Egyptians and Romans took the like precaution to prevent any fraud; and Justinian required that such things should be kept in churches. Some have supposed, that the royal or common sicle was less than that of the sanctuary. But Moses admits of no distinction. Lev. xxvii. 25. Ezec. xlv. 12. Perhaps the weights of the Egyptians, &c. might differ from this, which Moses therefore particularizes so well. C. — Arbuthnot makes the weight of the sicle equal to 9 dwt. 2,57 gr. English Troy weight; and he values that of silver at 2s. 3,375d. sterling. H.

* Footnote * Leviticus 27 : 25 All estimation shall be made according to the sicle of the sanctuary. A sicle hath twenty obols.
* Footnote * Numbers 3 : 47 Thou shalt take five sicles for every bead, according to the weight of the sanctuary. A sicle hath twenty obols.
* Footnote * Ezechiel 45 : 12 And the sicle hath twenty obols. Now twenty sicles, and five and twenty sicles, and fifteen sicles, make a mna,
30:14 Qui habetur in numero, a viginti annis et supra, dabit pretium.
He that is counted in the number from twenty years and upwards, shall give the price.
30:15 Dives non addet ad medium sicli, et pauper nihil minuet.
*H The rich man shall not add to half a sicle, and the poor man shall diminish nothing.


Ver. 15. Rich. The life of every man is equal in the sight of God, and He will not give the rich occasion to despise his poor neighbour. Thus also the number of the people would be ascertained. M.

30:16 Susceptamque pecuniam, quae collata est a filiis Israel, trades in usus tabernaculi testimonii, ut sit monimentum eorum coram Domino, et propitietur animabus eorum.
And the money received, which was contributed by the children of Israel, thou shalt deliver unto the uses of the tabernacle of the testimony, that it may be a memorial of them before the Lord, and he may be merciful to their souls.
30:17 Locutusque est Dominus ad Moysen, dicens :
And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
30:18 Facies et labrum aeneum cum basi sua ad lavandum : ponesque illud inter tabernaculum testimonii et altare. Et missa aqua,
*H Thou shalt make also a brazen laver with its foot to wash in: and thou shalt set it between the tabernacle of the testimony and the altar. And water being put into it:


Ver. 18. Its foot also of brass, made of mirrors which the women gave. C. xxxviii. 8. It was double; one vessel being shallower, to wash the feet &c. and the other containing a quantity of water, which was let out by pipes. The pagans had lavers also; and our holy-water vessels should remind us of that purity and holiness which became the house of God. H.

30:19 lavabunt in ea Aaron et filii ejus manus suas ac pedes,
*H Aaron and his sons shall wash their hands and feet in it:


Ver. 19. Feet. The priests went barefoot in the tabernacle. In the Misna we find the same law binds laymen. None were allowed to enter the temple of Diana, in Crete, with shoes on; and the Roman ladies followed the same custom, when they came down to the temple of Vesta. Huc pede matronam nudo descendere vidi. Ovid. Fast. 6. C. — The priest is ordered to put off his shoes on Good Friday, out of respect for Jesus Christ, who suffered on the cross. H.

30:20 quando ingressuri sunt tabernaculum testimonii, et quando accessuri sunt ad altare, ut offerant in eo thymiama Domino,
When they are going into the tabernacle of the testimony, and when they are to come to the altar, to offer on it incense to the Lord,
30:21 ne forte moriantur ; legitimum sempiternum erit ipsi, et semini ejus per successiones.
Lest perhaps they die. It shall be an everlasting law to him, and to his seed by successions.
30:22 Locutusque est Dominus ad Moysen,
And the Lord spoke to Moses,
30:23 dicens : Sume tibi aromata, primae myrrhae et electae quingentos siclos, et cinnamomi medium, id est, ducentos quinquaginta siclos, calami similiter ducentos quinquaginta,
*H Saying: Take spices, of principal and chosen myrrh five hundred sicles, and of cinnamon half so much; that is, two hundred and fifty sicles, of calamus in like manner two hundred and fifty,


Ver. 23. Spices. Perfumes were probably first invented in Arabia and Egypt. Ovid makes Bacchus the author of bloody sacrifices, and of incense offered to Jupiter. Fast. 3. — Myrrh. Heb. "the head of the myrrh of liberty," or such as flowed freely and was most excellent, free from any mixture. Sudant sponte...stacten dictam. Plin. xii. 15. C. — Stacte takes its name from distilling. M. — Sicles; this is not expressed in the Heb., as this measure is commonly meant. — Cinnamon, a plant extremely rare. Matthcole assures us, that it is not now to be found in Arabia, no more than balm in Judea. — Calamus. Heb. adds the epithet sweet-smelling both to cinnamon and calamus, or cane, the latter of which grows in the Indies. Dioscor. i. 17. That which druggists sell, under this name, is not a proper ingredient for ointments.

30:24 casiae autem quingentos siclos, in pondere sanctuarii, olei de olivetis mensuram hin :
*H And of cassia five hundred sicles by the weight of the sanctuary, of oil of olives the measure hin:


Ver. 24. Cassia, not the common sort, which would spoil the perfumes, but the essence of iris, (Heb. kode) mentioned in the Sept. Ezec. xxvii. 19. Joseph. &c. C.

30:25 faciesque unctionis oleum sanctum, unguentum compositum opere unguentarii,
And thou shalt make the holy oil of unction, an ointment compounded after the art of the perfumer,
30:26 et unges ex eo tabernaculum testimonii, et arcam testamenti,
And therewith thou shalt anoint the tabernacle of the testimony, and the ark of the testament,
30:27 mensamque cum vasis suis, et candelabrum, et utensilia ejus, altaria thymiamatis,
And the table with the vessels thereof, the candlestick and furniture thereof, the altars of incense,
30:28 et holocausti, et universam supellectilem quae ad cultum eorum pertinet.
And of holocaust, and all the furniture that belongeth to the service of them.
30:29 Sanctificabisque omnia, et erunt Sancta sanctorum ; qui tetigerit ea, sanctificabitur.
*H And thou shalt sanctify all, and they shall be most holy: he that shall touch them shall be sanctified.


Ver. 29. Sanctified. But if he ought not to touch it, he shall be defiled the more: (Deut. xxii. 9,) a double effect, which we perceive in the Christian sacraments. C.

30:30 Aaron et filios ejus unges, sanctificabisque eos, ut sacerdotio fungantur mihi.
Thou shalt anoint Aaron and his sons, and shalt sanctify them, that they may do the office of priesthood unto me.
30:31 Filiis quoque Israel dices : Hoc oleum unctionis sanctum erit mihi in generationes vestras.
*H And thou shalt say to the children of Israel: This oil of unction shall be holy unto me throughout your generations.


Ver. 31. Holy unto me, or set apart for the persons and things employed in my service. H.

30:32 Caro hominis non ungetur ex eo, et juxta compositionem ejus non facietis aliud, quia sanctificatum est, et sanctum erit vobis.
*H The flesh of man shall not be anointed therewith, and you shall make none other of the same composition, because it is sanctified, and shall be holy unto you.


Ver. 32. Of man. Some except the kings of Juda, till the reign of Josias. Rabbins. — But they were anointed with common oil. M.

30:33 Homo quicumque tale composuerit, et dederit ex eo alieno, exterminabitur de populo suo.
*H What man soever shall compound such, and shall give thereof to a stranger, he shall be cut off from his people.


Ver. 33. Cut off. Excommunicated, and deprived of all the privileges of the Israelites; (C.) or even put to death for his presumption. M.

30:34 Dixitque Dominus ad Moysen : Sume tibi aromata, stacten et onycha, galbanum boni odoris, et thus lucidissimum ; aequalis ponderis erunt omnia :
*H And the Lord said to Moses: Take unto thee spices, stacte, and onycha, galbanum of sweet savour, and the clearest frankincense, all shall be of equal weight.


Ver. 34. Onycha. An aromatic root, shining like "the nail," or perhaps the bdellium of Arabia, which is clearer than that of the Indies. Dioscor. Galen Medic. It distills from a tree. Others affirm, that it is the shell of a fish which feeds on spikenard (spica nardi) in the watery places of India. — Galbanum, an unctuous gum, of a strong but not very agreeable smell when alone. — Frankincense, is a juice proceeding by incision from the trees of Saba. — Weight. The Rabbins say 70 or 74 pounds of each.

30:35 faciesque thymiama compositum opere unguentarii, mistum diligenter, et purum, et sanctificatione dignissimum.
*H And thou shalt make incense compounded by the work of the perfumer, well tempered together, and pure, and most worthy of sanctification.


Ver. 35. Together. Heb. lit. "salted," (Chald.) as salt was to accompany all the sacrifices. Lev. ii. 13. But it was not, perhaps, to be mixed with this perfume, no more than with the wine of libations. The word may signify "a thing used in embalming, pure and holy."

30:36 Cumque in tenuissimum pulverem universa contuderis, pones ex eo coram tabernaculo testimonii, in quo loco apparebo tibi. Sanctum sanctorum erit vobis thymiama.
*H And when thou hast beaten all into very small powder, thou shalt set of it before the tabernacle of the testimony, in the place where I will appear to thee. Most holy shall this incense be unto you.


Ver. 36. Place. On the table of perfumes, to be burnt morning and evening. C.

30:37 Talem compositionem non facietis in usus vestros, quia sanctum est Domino.
You shall not make such a composition for your own uses, because it is holy to the Lord.
30:38 Homo quicumque fecerit simile, ut odore illius perfruatur, peribit de populis suis.
What man soever shall make the like, to enjoy the smell thereof, he shall perish out of his people.
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